1. What is Bernoulli's Principle?

Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. It's fundamental in fluid dynamics and has applications in aerodynamics, hydraulics, and many engineering fields.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bernoulli's equation:

Where:

• \( P \) — Total pressure (Pa)
• \( \rho \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( v \) — Flow velocity (m/s)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
• \( h \) — Height difference (m)
• \( P_0 \) — Static pressure (Pa)

Explanation: The equation accounts for dynamic pressure (from flow velocity), hydrostatic pressure (from elevation), and static pressure.

3. Importance of Pressure Calculation

Details: Accurate pressure calculation is crucial for designing piping systems, aircraft wings, ventilation systems, and understanding fluid behavior in various applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in SI units. Default values are provided for gravity (9.80665 m/s²) and static pressure (101325 Pa, standard atmospheric pressure).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical fluid densities?
A: Water ≈ 1000 kg/m³, Air ≈ 1.225 kg/m³ at sea level, Mercury ≈ 13590 kg/m³.

Q2: When is Bernoulli's principle not applicable?
A: For compressible flows at high Mach numbers, viscous flows, or when significant heat transfer occurs.

Q3: What's the difference between static and dynamic pressure?
A: Static pressure is the fluid's normal pressure, while dynamic pressure results from its motion.

Q4: How does elevation affect pressure?
A: Higher elevation generally means lower pressure due to reduced hydrostatic component.

Q5: Can this be used for water hammer calculations?
A: No, water hammer involves transient phenomena not covered by steady-state Bernoulli equation.