Microsoft Copilot+ PCs: What They Are & How They Work

Microsoft Copilot+ PCs are a new class of Windows laptops and tablets announced in May 2024 that integrate dedicated neural processing units (NPUs) to run advanced AI features locally on the device. You get a machine that can perform tasks like real-time video call translation, AI image generation, and a “Recall” search function directly on the hardware, without needing an internet connection. This article explains what makes a Copilot+ PC different, which models qualify, and what the AI features actually do.

What Defines a Copilot+ PC?

Not every laptop with a Copilot key qualifies. Microsoft set a strict hardware baseline that manufacturers must meet to use the “Copilot+ PC” branding. The core requirement is a neural processing unit (NPU) capable of at least 40 trillion operations per second (TOPS). This is the key differentiator from earlier “AI PCs” that relied only on the CPU or GPU.

The initial launch wave exclusively used Qualcomm’s Snapdragon X Elite and X Plus chips, which integrate an NPU rated at 45 TOPS. In late 2024 and 2025, Microsoft expanded the program to include Intel’s Core Ultra 200V (Lunar Lake) and AMD’s Ryzen AI 300 series processors, both of which also meet the 40+ TOPS threshold. All Copilot+ PCs also include at least 16GB of RAM and 256GB of storage, and they must have a modern, secure operating system foundation.

Key AI Features You Can Use

The entire point of the NPU is to run AI models locally, which improves privacy and response time. The flagship features available on all Copilot+ PCs include:

• Recall: A searchable timeline of everything you’ve done on the PC. It takes snapshots of your screen every few seconds, then uses on-device AI to let you search for past activities using natural language (e.g., “find the spreadsheet I was looking at last Tuesday”).
• Live Captions: Real-time translation of any audio or video playing on the system. It can translate from 40+ languages into English subtitles, and it works on video calls, streaming services, and local media files.
• Cocreator: An AI image generator built into the Paint app. You draw a rough sketch, type a text prompt, and the NPU refines your drawing into a more polished image in real time.
• Windows Studio Effects: Advanced camera and microphone effects for video calls, including background blur, eye contact correction, and automatic framing. These run locally, so they don’t consume extra CPU power or battery.

How the NPU Changes Performance

The NPU is a separate chip designed specifically for matrix math, which is what neural networks use. By offloading AI tasks to the NPU, the CPU and GPU are freed up for traditional computing tasks. This leads to two practical benefits: better battery life during AI workloads and quieter operation, since the NPU generates far less heat than a GPU.

For example, running a continuous background task like Live Captions on a standard laptop would cause the CPU fan to spin up and drain the battery. On a Copilot+ PC, the same task runs on the NPU at a fraction of the power draw. Microsoft claims these devices achieve up to 22 hours of local video playback, though real-world results vary with screen brightness and other tasks.

Comparing Copilot+ PCs to Regular Laptops

The main difference is that a regular laptop, even a powerful one with a discrete GPU, cannot run the Recall feature or the full set of Windows Studio Effects locally. Some AI features, like the Copilot chat sidebar, are cloud-based and work on any Windows 11 PC. But the on-device features are exclusive to Copilot+ hardware.

Another key difference is architecture. The early Copilot+ models used ARM-based Qualcomm chips, while most traditional laptops use x86 chips from Intel or AMD. This means some older Windows applications may not run natively on ARM-based Copilot+ PCs, though Microsoft’s Prism emulation layer handles most apps without noticeable issues. The Intel and AMD Copilot+ models avoid this compatibility concern entirely.

How to Choose the Right Copilot+ Laptop

When shopping, you should first decide which processor family you prefer, as this determines software compatibility and performance characteristics. Then consider these factors:

• Screen size and resolution: Copilot+ PCs range from 13-inch ultraportables to 16-inch workstations. Higher resolution screens consume more battery, but they also make the AI image generation in Cocreator look better.
• RAM and storage: The minimum is 16GB RAM and 256GB SSD. For heavy multitasking or local AI model experimentation, 32GB is a safer choice. Some models allow storage upgrades, but many have soldered RAM.
• Ports and connectivity: Check for USB4 or Thunderbolt ports, HDMI output, and Wi-Fi 7 support. The Snapdragon X platforms support these, but the specific ports vary by manufacturer.
• Keyboard and trackpad: Since these are productivity devices, the typing experience matters. Look for models with good key travel and a precision trackpad.

Common Problems and Misconceptions

The most common misconception is that Copilot+ PCs are just laptops with a dedicated Copilot button on the keyboard. That button is present on many models, but it simply opens the cloud-based Copilot chat. The real value is the NPU and the local features it enables.

Another issue is app compatibility. While most modern apps work fine on ARM-based Copilot+ PCs, some legacy utilities, drivers, and games with anti-cheat software may not run. Microsoft and Qualcomm have improved the emulation layer significantly, but it’s not perfect. If you rely on a specific niche application, check its compatibility before buying.

Recall has also raised privacy concerns. Because it takes continuous screenshots, Microsoft has made the feature opt-in, and you can pause it, filter out specific apps, or delete all saved snapshots. The data is encrypted and stored locally, but it’s still a feature you should configure carefully.

Cost and Availability

Copilot+ PCs are positioned as premium devices, with prices generally starting around $1,000 and going up to $2,500 or more for high-end models. The first wave of Snapdragon laptops from Acer, Asus, Dell, HP, Lenovo, and Samsung launched in June 2024. The Intel and AMD versions followed in late 2024 and early 2025, giving buyers more choice in price and performance.

As with any new technology, prices are expected to drop as more models enter the market and competition increases. If you don’t need the AI features immediately, waiting could save you money, but the 40+ TOPS NPU will likely become a standard feature in all mid-range and high-end Windows laptops within a few years.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a Copilot+ PC to use Microsoft Copilot?

No. The cloud-based Copilot chat assistant works on any Windows 11 PC with an internet connection. Copilot+ PCs are only required for the on-device AI features like Recall, Live Captions, and Cocreator.

Can I upgrade my existing laptop to a Copilot+ PC?

No. The NPU is a hardware component soldered to the motherboard. You cannot add one to an existing laptop. You would need to buy a new device that meets the Copilot+ specification.

Is Recall a security risk?

Microsoft has designed Recall to be secure: snapshots are encrypted, stored locally, and never sent to the cloud. You can also disable it entirely or exclude specific apps and websites. However, the feature does create a detailed record of your activity, so it’s wise to review its settings and decide what gets saved.

Will all my software run on a Snapdragon Copilot+ PC?

Most everyday apps like browsers, Office, and media players work fine. Some professional software, older games, and hardware drivers may have issues. Microsoft’s Prism emulation handles many x86 apps, but for critical software, check with the vendor or look for an ARM-native version.

How long will Copilot+ PCs receive updates?

Microsoft has committed to supporting Windows 11 on these devices with regular feature updates. The hardware itself is new, so long-term support is expected, but as with all PCs, the manufacturer determines the length of driver and firmware updates.

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